Category Archives for Conservation

Living in Spirits: The Molecular Revival of Fluid Collections

Written by Dr Shea (Tiffany) Slater, Taphonomist, Experimental Officer, University College Cork.

Valuable Biodiversity Archives

Fluid-preserved collections are increasingly valued as long-term biodiversity archives that can help us understand environmental change and biodiversity loss. Spirit collections contain specimens from taxonomic groups that are now of considerable conservation interest, including lampreys, seahorses, sharks and other ecologically important or understudied species. These specimens have traditionally been used for taxonomic and morphological study but are increasingly recognised as valuable molecular resources.

While recently collected specimens stored in ethanol are widely known to preserve DNA, formalin-preserved specimens have long been considered unsuitable for genomic research. In recent years, however, researchers have shown that genomic data can be recovered from many of these specimens using bespoke extraction protocols for highly altered DNA. These advances have helped unlock millions of museum specimens for molecular research, with recent studies exploring historical microbiomes and genome expression through time.

Historic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) preserved in fluid held in the University College Cork Natural Collections.

Continue reading →

The Big Moss Makeover

Written by Hannah Jenkins, Assistant Curator, Natural Sciences, Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales.

The botany collection at National Museum Cardiff, Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales, contains approximately 726,000 botanical specimens from across the world, including around 310,000 bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts).

Most of our moss specimens (approximately 225,000) are stored in conservation grade packets, however unlike some herbaria, these packets are not mounted on to herbarium sheets but instead are filed directly into drawers within our herbarium.

Large divided wooden drawers housing individual specimen packets © Amgueddfa Cymru

However, tucked away, we also have a small number of outsized bryophyte specimens, the majority of which are mosses, mounted directly on herbarium sheets. This is in a similar vein to some of the historical exsiccatae they are stored with but is a technique more commonly associated with vascular plant herbaria.

Continue reading →

From Dioramas to The Red List: Conserving Felbrigg Hall’s Taxidermy Birds for a New Conservation Story.

Written by Louise Green, Project Manager and Collections & House Manager, Felbrigg Hall, National Trust, and Martha Infray, Regional Conservator, National Trust.

Introduction

The Bird Corridor at Felbrigg Hall, Norfolk, houses a nationally significant natural history collection. Consisting of taxidermy bird dioramas collected by Thomas Wyndham Cremer (1834-1894), the displays document many of the resident and migratory bird species historically found in East Anglia.

Created by renowned nineteenth-century taxidermists Gunn of Norwich and Pratt of Brighton, the dioramas are a first-hand resource documenting the ornithological scene in East Anglia during the 19th-century.

Following the successful completion of the first Phase of conservation treatment in 2025, the second and final phase is nearing completion, with only two weeks of treatment remaining this autumn.

Historic label by Thomas Gunn, attached to the back of a diorama © National Trust/ Rob Coleman

Continue reading →

A Mammoth Task: Stabilising and Protecting Fossil Mammal Specimens in a Sustainable and Access-friendly Way for a Large-scale Collections Move.

Written by Lydia Amies, Caitlin Jenkins, Emanuele Casafredda, Lucia Petrera, Tanya Nakamoto and Fabiana Portoni, Natural History Museum, London.

The Natural History Museum, London (NHM) is moving a third of its collection (28 million) specimens to a to a new, purpose-built centre at Thames Valley Science Park near Reading. Under the umbrella of the Unlocked Programme a new facility is being designed and built to house natural history specimens, research laboratories, working space, and digitisation facilities. The project started in 2020 and the moves stage will commence in 2028.

The Unlocked Conservation Team is working to assess, treat and stabilise at-risk specimens that are due to move. Our focus is to futureproof collection storage while using materials in a sustainable and cost-effective way. Our work will improve access to the collections and enable safe handling of specimens. One of the largest and most complex collections we are working on is the Fossil Mammal Collection which is made up of a wide variety of species, from tiny extinct rodents to woolly mammoths.

Continue reading →

Impala Trophy Head – A Conservation Treatment Summary

Written by Greta Kelly, Conservation Practice MSc Student at Cardiff University.

During my studies on the Conservation Practice MSc at Cardiff University I had the opportunity to do a placement with the natural science conservation department at Museums NI. As part of this I assisted in an ongoing project to conserve and stabilise a number of trophy heads in the museums stores. The trophy head that I worked on was an impala skull, mounted on a wooden shield, dated to the 1930s.

Before beginning any conservation, I carried out a condition assessment of the skull and shield, to determine what treatment would be needed. The skull was generally in good condition, with no identifiable breakages or loss. The teeth while still in their sockets, were loose, and there was slight delamination at the base of the right horn. There was extensive surface dirt on the teeth, horns and skull, including inside the skull.

Before cleaning images of the impala skull. Image credit: Greta Kelly

The wooden shield was in good condition, with just some surface dirt. However the two metal hooks which looped through the zygomatic arches to hold the skull in place, were not providing sufficient support, allowing the skull to move about on the shield and putting it at risk of damage.

Continue reading →